How ADHD can affect lifespan

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults. It’s often associated with symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and lack of focus, and is generally not considered to be life-threatening.

Regardless, having ADHD can significantly affect a person’s health and longevity. In fact, research suggests that people with ADHD are at greater risk of dying prematurely. One large study published in 2025 in the British Journal of Psychiatry found that, on average, British men diagnosed with ADHD died an average of seven years earlier than men without a diagnosis. For women with ADHD, it was nine years.

A key point: Study authors didn’t think that ADHD itself led to shorter lifespans. Instead, they pointed to modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, lack of health support, and unmet treatment needs.

ADHD and longevity risk factors

In addition to the risk factors outlined in the British Journal of Psychiatry study, other behaviors and issues related to ADHD can influence longevity. Those with the condition are often prone to compulsive or risky behavior. They may have problems maintaining concentration and completing tasks. That increases the risk for the following, which can affect lifespan:

• Financial problems and lower income
• Less education
• Reduced sleep
• Consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco
• Accidents
• Physical and mental health issues
• Suicide

The good news is that many experts believe that receiving treatment and support can greatly reduce ADHD symptoms and complications. This, in turn, may help to counter reduced life expectancy.

"Although it hasn’t been conclusively proven, keeping ADHD under control through medication or behavioral intervention would likely lower the increase in mortality that’s been associated with [the disorder]” says Keith Roach, MD, internal medicine specialist and co-founder of the RealAge Test.

Staying safe with symptom management

Managing ADHD symptoms starts with a treatment plan devised by a healthcare provider (HCP). Whether the HCP recommends medication, dietary changes, or other measures, it’s critical to stick to this plan closely. It’s also important to keep an open line of communication, letting the HCP know if symptoms change or medication is causing unwanted side effects.

In addition to following the treatment plan, taking the following steps can help manage ADHD.

Get enough physical activity

Exercising releases dopamine and serotonin, two brain chemicals that aid mental focus. A good workout can also help to calm restlessness and manage nervous energy in the short term. In the long term, it can reduce overall stress, improve mood, and lower the risk for mental health issues like depression and anxiety.

Try cognitive behavioral therapy

Talk therapy can give a person with ADHD an outlet and teach them strategies to help improve focus, organization, and behavioral regulation. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective type of talk therapy for dealing with irritability, restlessness, and impulsivity, among other ADHD symptoms.

Keep a journal

Journaling is a powerful tool for tracking symptoms, venting frustrations, and managing negative emotions. It’s also a healthy way to improve focus, as well as organize scattered thoughts.