Multiple sclerosis and the risk of depression

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation and damage in the central nervous system. Symptoms can include changes to vision, difficulty with walking or coordination, tingling, numbness, loss of sensation, pain, and fatigue. Psychiatric symptoms are also common, and depression is prevalent among people living with MS.

What is the association between MS and depression?

Depression refers to several mood disorders that cause intense low moods and sadness. It is a common mental health condition that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide.

Depression is associated with MS, as well as many other chronic health conditions. Here are some key points to know about MS and depression:

• Depression can be a symptom of MS as well as a complication, and it can occur at any point in the course of the disease.
• MS causes changes to the nervous system, including the brain. These changes may contribute to depression, and can also affect cognition, behavior, and emotions.
• The ongoing challenges of living with MS can also trigger or contribute to depression. Even when things are going well, the uncertainty of what MS will be like in the future can be a significant source of distress.
• The severity of MS is not necessarily correlated with the risk of depression. Some people who have very severe MS symptoms do not experience depression. Others who have mild symptoms can experience depression.

It is also important to mention that care partners of people with MS are also at a higher risk of depression.

What are the symptoms of depression?

Depression may be more difficult to recognize for someone who has multiple sclerosis. MS is a life-changing diagnosis, and a certain amount of grieving and stress is inevitable and expected.

The symptoms of MS and depression can also overlap. Sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and emotional changes can be symptoms of depression as well as symptoms of MS.

Both the National Multiple Sclerosis Society and Mental Health America recommend paying attention to a few key symptoms of depression:

• Feeling sad, down, hopeless, and/or irritable
• Loss of interest and pleasure in activities you usually enjoy
• Experiencing these symptoms frequently for a period of at least two weeks

Another symptom to watch for: thoughts of suicide, self-harm, or violence. These are some of the most serious symptoms of depression. Studies have found that people with MS are at a higher risk of suicide.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, speak to a healthcare provider.

How is depression treated?

Whatever the causes or contributing factors for depression, there are treatments that can help. Healthcare providers who are experienced with treating chronic conditions like MS will be familiar with depression and can help guide you toward treatment.

Treatment for depression will most likely involve psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Treatment may also involve taking antidepressant medications that can help alleviate symptoms.

It’s worth mentioning that treating depression may benefit your MS treatment. Treating depression has been associated with better adherence to MS treatments, less fatigue, less stress, and improved quality of life.

Depression can be a life-threatening illness. If you or someone you know is having thoughts of self-harm or suicide, seek help immediately. Licensed mental health professionals are available at the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, which can be contacted by calling or texting 988 or chatting at 988lifeline.org.