How are desmoid tumors treated?

Desmoid tumors are a type of benign (noncancerous) tumor that form in the body's fibrous connective tissues. Fibrous connective tissues include tendons, ligaments, and other tissues that help provide structure, support, and protection for the body. Because connective tissues are located throughout the body, desmoid tumors can occur in many different locations. Common locations include the abdomen, limbs, neck, and head.

Desmoid tumors are classified as noncancerous because they cannot metastasize, or spread, to other areas of the body. A desmoid tumor will remain in the location where it forms. However, these tumors can be locally aggressive, meaning they can grow into nearby tissues and structures such as nerves, blood vessels, the bladder, bowels, and joints.

Treatment for desmoid tumors

Treatment will depend on the location of the tumor, the size of the tumor, if it is affecting nearby structures or tissues, symptoms it is causing, and additional factors, like a person's age, medical history, and overall health. In other words, treating desmoid tumors is a different experience for every person.

Side effects are another important topic to discuss when making treatment decisions. All treatments carry a risk of side effects, and decisions will need to consider the potential benefits of a specific therapy and the potential risk of short- and long-term complications.

Active surveillance

Also called “watchful waiting,” this is a common first approach to treatment in many cases. With active surveillance, a desmoid tumor will be closely monitored with imaging tests performed every few months. If the tumor progresses or grows, treatment can begin.

Targeted therapies

Treatment for desmoid tumors often begins with a type of drug called a targeted therapy. Targeted therapies are medications that act on specific molecules or processes found in tumors. In simple terms, targeted therapies work by interrupting processes that tumor cells need to grow and survive. This can kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Several targeted therapies for desmoid tumors are available.

Surgery

For many years surgery was the main treatment for desmoid tumors. While surgery is still used in treatment, it is used more selectively. A desmoid tumor that has grown into nearby tissues and structures will often make surgery complex—tumors can be difficult to remove completely and to remove without damaging healthy tissues the tumor has invaded. There is also a high rate of recurrence after surgery.

However, every desmoid tumor is different. While used more selectively, surgery is appropriate in certain cases and remains an important treatment option. A healthcare provider will always be your best source of information.

Additional treatment options

Additional treatment options for desmoid tumors include:

• Ablation, a minimally invasive procedure that uses extreme heat or cold to destroy tumor cells.
• Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy radiation to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors.
• Hormone therapy, the use of anti-hormone medications to block hormones that a tumor is using to grow.
• Chemotherapy, which may be used if other treatments have not been effective.

Again, the recommended treatment for a desmoid tumor will depend on many factors, and it will be different for each person. A healthcare provider will be your best source of information about a diagnosis and treatment options.