9 ways to reduce the risk of congenital differences

Every year, about one of every 33 newborns in the United States (nearly 120,000 overall) will have a congenital difference, a health condition that is present at birth. These include things that are visible (such as a cleft palate or extra fingers or toes), and those that are not immediately apparent (such as hearing loss or heart complications). These differences usually have a genetic basis, but some are caused by exposure to certain medications, infections, and chemicals during pregnancy. Still others are related to a combination of factors or are caused by unknown factors.

Congenital differences are common and they are also the leading cause of death in infants in the U.S. While not all of these conditions are fatal, some can cause lifelong health issues.

Not all congenital differences can be prevented, but there are some things you can do before and during pregnancy to lower the risk, says Tracy Nelson, MD, an OBGYN affiliated with Grand Strand Medical Center in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Here’s a look at some of the most common congenital differences, plus essential health tips for expectant parents.