Sexual healthHIV & AIDS

Surprising ways STIs affect the sexes differently

Learn about ways STIs affect the sexes differently, plus get tips on prevention.


LearnInfectionsSexually transmitted infections (stis)Surprising ways STIs affect the sexes differently
HIV transmits more efficiently during vaginal sex with men
How to lower your HIV risk
Gonorrhea often goes undiagnosed in women
STIs are more likely to cause infertility in women
STIs may harm a pregnancy or cause birth differences
STIs may seem like typical vaginal changes
Some good news
The bottom line

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When it comes to certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs), people who are assigned female at birth may experience higher rates or more serious long-term consequences, depending on the condition.

Sangeeta Sinha, MD, an OBGYN at StoneSprings Hospital Center in Dulles, Virginia, discusses sex-differences in STIs, and offers essential facts about prevention.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Preventi... + 14
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 Ways STDs Impact Women Differently from Men. April 2011.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV: HIV Risk Behaviors. Page last reviewed November 13, 2019.
  3. WomensHealth.gov. Women and HIV. Page last updated February 18, 2021.
  4. WomensHealth.gov. HIV and AIDS basics. Page last updated February 18, 2021.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV and Women. Page last reviewed August 18, 2022.
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV: Getting Tested. Page last reviewed June 22, 2022.
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV: PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). Page last reviewed June 3, 2022.
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gonorrhea: Basic Fact Sheet. Page last reviewed August 22, 2022.
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – CDC Basic Fact Sheet. Page last reviewed April 18, 2022.
  10. Tenore JL. Ectopic Pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61(4):1080-1088.
  11. Hasanpoor-Azghdy SB, Simbar M, Vedadhir A. The emotional-psychological consequences of infertility among infertile women seeking treatment: Results of a qualitative study. Iran J Reprod Med. 2014 Feb;12(2):131-8.
  12. American Psychological Association. Battling the self-blame of infertility. September 2006.
  13. March of Dimes. Sexually Transmitted Infections. Last reviewed June, 2022.
  14. MedlinePlus. Birth Weight. Last updated September 20, 2022.
  15. NIH: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. What health issues or conditions affect women differently than men? Last reviewed December 1, 2016.
Written by Rose Hayes, MA, RN.
Medically reviewed by Joanne Perron, MD, MPH.November, 2024
Updated onAugust, 2026
Written by Rose Hayes, MA, RN.
Medically reviewed by Joanne Perron, MD, MPH.November, 2024
Updated onAugust, 2026
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