Preventive careMedical tests & proceduresGeneral wellness

7 health tests you may not need

Over-testing can add costs and could reduce your quality of care.


LearnHealth screenings7 health tests you may not need
Regular ecgs or stress tests
Scans for back pain
Yearly Pap smears
Bone density scan
Head CT scan for injured kids
vitamin D test
Brain Scans for Headaches

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When your healthcare provider orders a medical test, chances are you trust their clinical judgment. But certain tests may be unnecessary—and could even do more harm than good.

“Besides the extra cost, some tests have risks, such as the radiation from imaging tests,” says Keith Roach, MD, Associate Professor in Clinical Medicine in the division of general medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital.

Other tests could show a false positive result, which can lead to needless worry and invasive follow-up procedures.

To reduce the burden of over-testing, you may want to get a second opinion regarding tests with higher risks, such as those that use radiation. Beyond that, medical organizations have come up with short lists of common procedures that may not be necessary, such as the following.

Sources: Koh ES, Lee AY, Ehdaie B, & Marti JL. Co... + 31
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  6. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Low Back Pain Fact Sheet. Page last reviewed: April 25, 2022. Accessed July 27, 2022.
  7. Jenkins HJ, Downie AS, Moore CS, French SD. Current evidence for spinal X-ray use in the chiropractic profession: a narrative review. Chiropr Man Therap. 2018 Nov 21;26:48.
  8. Fontham, E. T., Wolf, A. M., Church, T. R., Etzioni, R., Flowers, C. R., Herzig, A., … & Smith, R. A. (2020). Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 70(5), 321-346.
  9. Mount Sinai. Cervical Cancer. Accessed July 27, 2022.
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cancer: Some Older Women Are Not Getting Recommended Cervical Cancer Screenings. Last Reviewed: July 13, 2022.
  11. Jin J. Screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures. JAMA. 2018; 319(24), 2566-2566.
  12. Sarafrazi N, Wambogo EA, Shepherd JA. Osteoporosis or low bone mass in older adults: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 405. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2021.
  13. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Osteoporosis. Page last reviewed: December 2018. Accessed July 27, 2022.
  14. American Academy of Pediatrics. CT Scans for Children with Head Injuries. Page last reviewed: March 2014. Accessed July 27, 2022.
  15. Krist A H, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults: US preventive services task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;325(14), 1436-1442.
  16. American Cancer Society. Understanding Radiation Risk from Imaging Tests. Page last reviewed: August 3, 2018.
  17. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Cervical Cancer: Screening. August 21, 2018. Accessed July 27, 2022.
  18. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Updated Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines. April 2021. Accessed July 27, 2022.
  19. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening. June 26, 2018. Accessed July 27, 2022.
  20. Bello MO, Sombra LRS, et al. Osteoporosis in Males. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
  21. Forrest KY, Stuhldreher WL. Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in US adults. Nutr Res. 2011 Jan;31(1):48-54.
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  23. ChoosingWisely.org (AAFP). Bone-Density Tests. May 2012. Accessed July 28, 2022.
  24. Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. Vitamin D. January 2022. Accessed July 28, 2022.
  25. National Health Service (UK). Vitamin D. August 3, 2020. Accessed July 28, 2022.
  26. MedlinePlus. Vitamin D Test. June 2, 2022. Accessed July 28, 2022.
  27. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening. April 13, 2021. Accessed July 28, 2022.
  28. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Vitamin D Deficiency. 2019. Accessed July 28, 2022.
  29. Rho YI, Kim SH, et al. EEG Characteristics and Diagnostic Implications in Childhood Headache: A Multi-Center Study. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020 Oct 8;11:569486.
  30. ChoosingWisely.org (AAFP). Imaging Tests for Headaches. April 2012. Accessed July 28, 2022.
  31. Cedars-Sinai. Encephalitis. 2021. Accessed July 28, 2022.
  32. HealthyChildren.org (AAP). Head Injury in Children: How to Know If It's Minor or Serious. Last updated February 7, 2022. Accessed July 28, 2022.
Written by Sharon Liao.
Medically reviewed by Joanne Perron, MD, MPH.March, 2024
Updated onAugust, 2026
Written by Sharon Liao.
Medically reviewed by Joanne Perron, MD, MPH.March, 2024
Updated onAugust, 2026
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