SleepBrain & nervous systemWeight loss

What happens to your body when you don't get enough sleep

Learn about weight gain, memory issues, and other potential side effects of missing consistent rest.


LearnSleepInsomniaWhat happens to your body when you don't get enough sleep
Your emotions may be affected
You may have trouble remembering things
Your risk of having an accident increases
A sleep doctor’s tips for better zzzs
Tip #1: Naps are okay, but keep track of time
Tip #2: Get some sunlight
Tip #3: Use caffeine sparingly
Tip #4: Limit alcohol

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It’s a fact: Many people in the United States have trouble sleeping.

For good health, experts recommend that most healthy adults sleep between seven and nine hours each night. About one-third of U.S. adults report getting insufficient sleep, meaning fewer than seven hours nightly, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

In the long term, consistent sleep deprivation is linked to a range of health problems, including a higher risk of developing dementia, diabetes, heart disease, and mental health disorders like depression and anxiety.

In the short-term, a lack of sleep can affect everyone a little differently. But here’s what a person can generally expect after one or more nights of poor sleep, along with tips for improving your ability to rest.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Preventi... + 19
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FastStats: Sleep in Adults. May 15, 2024.
  2. Better Health Channel. Sleep Deprivation. June 30, 2014.
  3. Harvard Medical School, Division of Sleep Medicine. Sleep and Mood. October 1, 2021.
  4. Palmer CA, Bower JL, et al. Sleep loss and emotion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 50 years of experimental research. Psychol Bull. 2024 Apr;150(4):440-463.
  5. Harvard Medical School, Why Sleep Matters: Consequences of Sleep Deficiency. October 1, 2021.
  6. Medic G, Wille M, Hemels ME. Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption. Nat Sci Sleep. 2017 May 19;9:151-161.
  7. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Drowsy Driving. Accessed May 12, 2026.
  8. National Sleep Foundation. Drowsy Driving Prevention. Accessed May 12, 2026.
  9. National Safety Council. Fatigued Driver. Accessed May 12, 2026.
  10. Anderson C, Cai AWT, et al. Feeling sleepy? stop driving-awareness of fall asleep crashes. Sleep. 2023 Nov 8;46(11):zsad136.
  11. American Medical Association. What Doctors Wish Patients Knew About Taking Naps. August 22, 2025.
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH Training for Nurses on Shift Work and Long Work Hours. March 31, 2020.
  13. National Sleep Foundation. Good Light, Bad Light, and Better Sleep. March 21, 2025.
  14. Stanford Lifestyle Medicine. More Sunlight Exposure May Improve Sleep. August 17, 2023.
  15. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Spilling the Beans: How Much Caffeine Is Too Much. August 28, 2024.
  16. March of Dimes. Caffeine and Pregnancy. April 2020.
  17. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep and Caffeine. January 29, 2018.
  18. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Moderate Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy. August 2010. Reaffirmed 2023.
  19. Cleveland Clinic. How to Quit Caffeine. November 10, 2023.
  20. National Council on Aging. How Alcohol Affects Your Sleep. May 22, 2025.
Written by Olivia DeLong.
Medically reviewed by Amy Gonzales, MD.May, 2026
Updated onSeptember, 2026
Written by Olivia DeLong.
Medically reviewed by Amy Gonzales, MD.May, 2026
Updated onSeptember, 2026
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