Pain management

13 possible causes of pelvic pain that aren't your period

Identifying the source of your discomfort can help you determine the best way to find relief.


LearnWomen's healthEndometriosis13 possible causes of pelvic pain that aren't your period
Endometriosis
Uterine adenomyosis
Ovarian cysts
Uterine fibroids
Pregnancy and miscarriage
Ovulation
Urinary tract infections
Irritable bowel syndrome
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Ovarian torsion
Interstitial cystitis
Appendicitis
Musculoskeletal pain
See your healthcare provider if you have questions

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Whether it’s a sharp pain that comes and goes, or a dull, steady ache, pain in the pelvic area can be exhausting and, for some people, even debilitating. Pain in this area, generally described as the lower abdomen between your hip bones, can be caused by a variety of different conditions and sometimes more than one condition at the same time.

Pelvic pain may originate from any of the organs in the lower abdomen, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, and bladder, says Alex Letham, DO, an OBGYN with LewisGale Hospital Montgomery in Blacksburg, Virginia. It can be hard to pinpoint the exact source, due to the complexity of nerves in the pelvis. That’s also why pelvic pain can be felt in the back or thighs, he adds.

Depending on the cause, the pain can present itself in different ways and on different sides of the pelvis. Determining the underlying cause can help find the best ways to treat it and get relief.

Sources: Office on Women’s Health. U.S. Departmen... + 16
  1. Office on Women’s Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Endometriosis. Page last updated: April 1, 2019.
  2. Mayo Clinic. Adenomyosis. June 18, 2020.
  3. Li J-J, Chung JPW, Wang S, Li T-C, Duan H. The investigation and management of adenomyosis in women who wish to improve or preserve fertility. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:6832685.
  4. Office on Women’s Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Ovarian cysts. Page last updated: April 1, 2019.
  5. Office on Women’s Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Uterine fibroids. Page last updated April 1, 2019.
  6. Emily E. Bunce, MD and Robert P. Heine, MD. Pelvic Pain During Early Pregnancy. Merck Manual Consumer Version. Content last modified Jun 2021.
  7. Kanakaris NK, Roberts CS, Giannoudis PV. Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: an update. BMC Med. 2011;9:15.
  8. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Mittelschmerz. Review date March 8, 2019.
  9. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Bladder Infection (Urinary Tract Infection—UTI) in Adults. Accessed October 29, 2021.
  10. Office on Women’s Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Irritable bowel syndrome. Page last updated April 1, 2019.
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – CDC Fact Sheet.
  12. Yale Medicine. Ovarian Torsion. Page accessed March 26, 2024.
  13. Mayo Clinic. Interstitial cystitis. Page last updated September 29, 2021.
  14. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Appendicitis. Page last reviewed July 2021.
  15. Mayo Clinic. Chronic Pelvic Pain. Page last updated February 28, 2024.
  16. UCSF Health. Pelvic Pain. Page accessed March 26, 2024.
  17. Mayo Clinic. Biofeedback. Page last updated March 18, 2023.
Written by Olivia DeLong.
Medically reviewed by Amy Gonzales, MD.July, 2024
Updated onAugust, 2026
Written by Olivia DeLong.
Medically reviewed by Amy Gonzales, MD.July, 2024
Updated onAugust, 2026
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