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Extreme cramping, heavy bleeding, and digestive issues: They're all just part of a typical period, right? Not exactly. They could be signs of endometriosis.
Endometriosis is often described as an "invisible" disease because the signs may mimic those of other health conditions. And since endometriosis is tied to the menstrual cycle, many people simply assume it’s something they have to deal with every month.
But the condition is more than just a rough period. With endometriosis, the tissue that typically lines the uterus—also known as the endometrium—grows outside of the uterus. Endo patches typically find their way to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic organs. In some cases, they grow on the intestines and bladder, and in rare cases, even the lungs. These patches go through the same monthly cycle as the uterine lining, developing and then shedding.
“Endometriosis can cause chronic pain and significant scar tissue in the pelvis, which can affect quality of life,” says Meghan Smith, MD, an OBGYN with Nashville Fertility Center in Tennessee. Here’s what to know about this condition.
Sources: U.S. Department of Health and Human Serv... + 16
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office on Women’s Health. Endometriosis. October 24, 2025.
- Endometriosis Foundation of America. Endometriosis: Defining It, Recognizing It, and Treating It. Accessed November 9, 2026.
- The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Endometriosis. August 2026.
- World Health Organization. Endometriosis. October 15, 2025.
- Becker CM, Bokor A, , et al; ESHRE Endometriosis Guideline Group. ESHRE guideline: endometriosis. Hum Reprod Open. 2022 Feb 26;2022(2):hoac009.
- Mayo Clinic. Endometriosis. August 30, 2024.
- Endometriosis UK. Endometriosis and the bladder. July 17, 2026.
- American Medical Association. What doctors wish patients knew about endometriosis. December 6, 2024.
- Mass General Brigham. Endometriosis Care: Facing the Missed Disease. March 9, 2025.
- Hackensack Meridian. Endometriosis: Is Your Fertility at Risk? January 16, 2026.
- Cleveland Clinic. Navigating Fertility With Endometriosis. December 22, 2025.
- American Cancer Society. Endometriosis May Increase Ovarian Cancer Risk. August 9, 2024.
- Barnard ME, Farland LV, et al. Endometriosis Typology and Ovarian Cancer Risk. JAMA. 2024 Aug 13;332(6):482-489.
- Ye J, Peng H, et al. The association between endometriosis and risk of endometrial cancer and breast cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health. 2022 Nov 18;22(1):455.
- Johns Hopkins Medicine. Endometriosis. Accessed November 9, 2026.
- Dolińska, Wioletta et al. Accuracy and utility of blood and urine biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis F&S Reviews, Volume 4, Issue 2, 116 – 130. April 2023.
- Rahmioglu N, Mortlock S, Ghiasi M, Møller PL, et al. The genetic basis of endometriosis and comorbidity with other pain and inflammatory conditions. Nat Genet. 2023 Mar;55(3):423-436.

